retrieving information, not only culture but science also has 
shifted its entire base and character. For the educator, as well 
as the philosopher, exact knowledge of what this shift means 
for learning and the mental process is not necessary.

     Well before Gutenberg’s development of printing from 
movable types, a great deal of printing on paper by woodcut 
had been done. Perhaps the most popular form of this kind of 
block printing of text and image had been in the form of the 
Biblia Pauperum , or Bibles of the Poor. Printers in this woodcut 
sense preceded typographic printers, though by just how long a 
period it is not easy to establish, because these cheap and 
popular prints, despised by the learned, were not preserved any 
more than are the comic books of today. The great law of 
bibliography comes into play in this matter of the printing that 
precedes Gutenberg: “The more there were, the fewer there